A FAREWELL TO ARMS

ERNEST HEMINGWAY (1899–1961) was born in Illinois and began his career as a reporter before enlisting as an ambulance driver at the Italian front in World War I. Hemingway and his first (of four) wives lived in Paris in the 1920s, as part of the "Lost Generation" expatriate community, before moving to Key West, Florida, and later to Cuba. Known first for short stories, his literary reputation was further enhanced by his novels, including A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, The Sun Also Rises, and The Old Man and the Sea. MALCOLM BRADBURY (1932–2000) was Professor of American Studies at the University of East Anglia, and author of The Modern American Novel and The Modern World. His novels include Eating People Is Wrong, The History Man, Rates of Exchange, and To the Hermitage. He was knighted in 2000.